1 Positivo: dark tall useful
2 Comparativo: darker taller more useful
3 Superlativo: darkest tallest most useful
a Los adjetivos de una sílaba forman su comparativo y superlativo añadiendo er y est a la forma del positivo:
bright brighter brightest new newer newest
b Los adjetivos de tres o mas sílabas forman su comparativo y superlativo poniendo more y most delante del positivo:
interesting more interesting most interesting
frightening more frightening most frightening
c Los adjetivos de dos sílabas siguen una u otra de las reglas anteriores. Aquellos que terminan en ful o re normalmente toman more y most:
doubtful more doubtful most doubtful
careful more careful most careful
obscure more obscure most obscure
Aquellos que terminan en er, y, o ly añaden er, est:
pretty prettier prettiest (observese que la y se convierte en i)
holy holier holiest
clever cleverer cleverest
d Comparaciones irregulares:
good better best
bad worse worst
little less least
many/much more most
far further/farther furthest (de distancia y tiempo)
farther farthest (de distancia solo)
old older oldest (de personas y cosas)
elder eldest (de personas solo)
elder y eldest implican antigüedad mas bien que edad. Se usan principalmente para comparaciones dentro de una familia:
his eldest boy/girl/nephew my elder brother/sister
pero elder no puede colocarse delante de than así que aquí debe usarse older:
He is older than I (elder no sería posible)
Los superlativos pueden estar precedidos por the y usados como pronombres:
Tom is the cleverest. The eldest was only eight years old.
Los comparativos se pueden usar similarmente:
His two sons look the same age. Which is the elder?
Pero este uso del comparativo se considera mas bien literario. En inglés informal, aquí en su lugar puede usarse un superlativo, es decir, diríamos:
Which is the eldest?
02 Construciones con comparativos.
a Con la forma positiva del adjetivo, ejemplo: good, tall, clever, usamos as. . . as en afirmativa y not as/not so. . . as en negativa:
A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.
Manslaughter is not so/as bad as murder.
Your coffee is not so/as good as the coffee my mother makes.
b Con la forma comparativa del adjetivo, ejemplo: better, taller, etc. usamos than:
A mountain is higher than a hill.
He isn't cleverer than you, but he is more careful and makes fewer mistakes than you do.
c Las comparaciones de tres o mas personas o cosas se expresan por medio del superlativo con
the. . . of
o the. . . in (de lugares)
Tom is the cleverest boy in the class.
St. Paul's isn't the highiest cathedral in England.
She is the prettiest of them all.
d El incremento paralelo se expresa por medio de
the + comparativo. . . the + comparativo:
the bigger the house is, the more money it will cost.
the more leisure he has, the happier he is.
e El incremento gradual se expresa por dos comparativos unidos por and:
The weather is getting colder and colder.
He became more and more interested.
f La comparación de acciones se hace similarmente:
Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a bicycle.
It is nicer to go with someone than to go alone.
Cuando el infinitivo se usa después de than, como en el ejemplo de arriba, el to del infinitivo puede omitirse:
It is nicer to go with somone than go alone.
It is sometimes quicker to walk than take a bus.
g Otros ejemplos de comparativos:
You are as obstinate as a mule. This one is the better of the two.
Chinchilla is more expensive than mink.
Helen was the most beautiful woman in Greece.
In old stories the youngest of the family is always the hero.
good better best
bad worse worst
little less least
many/much more most
far further/farther furthest (de distancia y tiempo)
farther farthest (de distancia solo)
old older oldest (de personas y cosas)
elder eldest (de personas solo)
elder y eldest implican antigüedad mas bien que edad. Se usan principalmente para comparaciones dentro de una familia:
his eldest boy/girl/nephew my elder brother/sister
pero elder no puede colocarse delante de than así que aquí debe usarse older:
He is older than I (elder no sería posible)
Los superlativos pueden estar precedidos por the y usados como pronombres:
Tom is the cleverest. The eldest was only eight years old.
Los comparativos se pueden usar similarmente:
His two sons look the same age. Which is the elder?
Pero este uso del comparativo se considera mas bien literario. En inglés informal, aquí en su lugar puede usarse un superlativo, es decir, diríamos:
Which is the eldest?
02 Construciones con comparativos.
a Con la forma positiva del adjetivo, ejemplo: good, tall, clever, usamos as. . . as en afirmativa y not as/not so. . . as en negativa:
A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.
Manslaughter is not so/as bad as murder.
Your coffee is not so/as good as the coffee my mother makes.
b Con la forma comparativa del adjetivo, ejemplo: better, taller, etc. usamos than:
A mountain is higher than a hill.
He isn't cleverer than you, but he is more careful and makes fewer mistakes than you do.
c Las comparaciones de tres o mas personas o cosas se expresan por medio del superlativo con
the. . . of
o the. . . in (de lugares)
Tom is the cleverest boy in the class.
St. Paul's isn't the highiest cathedral in England.
She is the prettiest of them all.
d El incremento paralelo se expresa por medio de
the + comparativo. . . the + comparativo:
the bigger the house is, the more money it will cost.
the more leisure he has, the happier he is.
e El incremento gradual se expresa por dos comparativos unidos por and:
The weather is getting colder and colder.
He became more and more interested.
f La comparación de acciones se hace similarmente:
Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a bicycle.
It is nicer to go with someone than to go alone.
Cuando el infinitivo se usa después de than, como en el ejemplo de arriba, el to del infinitivo puede omitirse:
It is nicer to go with somone than go alone.
It is sometimes quicker to walk than take a bus.
g Otros ejemplos de comparativos:
You are as obstinate as a mule. This one is the better of the two.
Chinchilla is more expensive than mink.
Helen was the most beautiful woman in Greece.
In old stories the youngest of the family is always the hero.
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